SAP: Sapporo forest meteorology research site
General site details
| Site name | Sapporo forest meteorology research site |
|---|---|
| AsiaFlux site code | SAP |
| Location | Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan |
| Position | 42º 59' 12.609"N, 141º 23'07.036"E (World Geodetic System 1984) |
| Elevation | 180 m above sea level (World Geodetic System 1984) |
| Slope | 0 - 7 degree |
| Terrain type | Gentle slope |
| Area | 80 ha |
| Fetch | 500 to 1500 m |
| Climate | Cool temperate (Snow-fully humid-warm summer [Dfb]) |
| Mean annual air temperature | 7.2 degreeC |
| Mean annual precipitation | 933 mm |
| Vegetation type | Deciduous broadleaved forest |
| Dominant Species (Overstory) | Japanese white birch(Betula platyphylla) , Mizunara oak(Quercus mongolica) |
| Dominant Species (Understory) | Sasa bamboo (Sasa kurilensis and Sasa senanensis) |
| Canopy height | 20 m |
| Age | approx.100 years |
| LAI | Max.4(1999 to 2003) ; N/A(wind damage; 2004 to present) |
| Soil type | Loam |
Observation
Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
| System | Open- (CO2 flux, latent heat flux) Closed-path system (CO2 flux) |
|---|---|
| Wind speed | Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600-3T, Prove TR-61C KAIJO, Japan) |
| Air temperature | Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600-3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan) Platinum resistance thermometer (HMP45A, VAISALA, Finland) |
| Water vapor | Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA) Bandpass (HMP45A, VAISALA, Finland) |
| CO2 | Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA) Closed-path (LI-6262, LI-COR, USA) |
| Measurement height | 28 m |
| Sampling frequency | 5 Hz |
| Averaging time | 30 min |
| Data logger | DRM2a, TEAC, Japan |
| Data storage | MO |
| Original data | Raw data |
Meteorology
| Observation items | Levels/Depth | Instrument |
|---|---|---|
| Global solar radiation(incoming) | 41.3 m | Pyranometer (CM6F, Kipp & Zonen, Netherland) |
| Global solar radiation (outgoing) | 39.2 m | Pyranometer (CM6F, Kipp & Zonen, Netherland) |
| Long-wave radiation(incoming) | 41.3 m | Infrared radiometer with fan (PIR, Eppley, USA) |
| Long-wave radiation(outgoing) | 39.2 m | Infrared radiometer (PIR, Eppley, USA) |
| Net radiation | 39.2 m | Net radiometer (Q*7, REBS, USA) |
| PPFD (incoming) | 41.3 m | Quantum sensor (LI-190SA, LI-COR, USA) |
| PPFD (outgoing) | 39.2 m | Quantum sensor (LI-190SA, LI-COR, USA) |
| Direct / diffuse radiation | - | |
| Direct / diffuse PPFD | - | |
| Air temperature | 33.5, 29.6, 25.8, 20.1, 16.3, 10.5, 2.7m | Platinum resistance thermometer (HMP45D,VAISALA, Finland) |
| Humidity | 33.5, 29.6, 25.8, 20.1, 16.3, 10.5, 2.7m | Capacitive hygrometer (HMP45D, VAISALA, Finland) |
| Soil temperature | 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8m | Platinum resistance thermometer |
| Soil heat flux | 0.02 m | Heat flux plate(MF-81,EKO,Japan) |
| Soil water content | 0.07, 0.15, 0.45, 0.75m | TDR (CS-615, Campbell, USA) |
| Wind speed | 33.5, 29.6, 25.8, 20.1, 16.3, 10.5, 2.7m | Windmill anemometer(CYG-5103, YOUNG, USA) |
| Wind direction | 41.3 m | Vane (A-802, YOKOGAWA, Japan) |
| Precipitation | 1.8 m | Tipping bucket raingauge |
| CO2 concentration | 29.6, 25.8, 20.1, 16.3, 10.5, 2.7m | Closed-path CO2/H2O analyzer (LI-6262, LI-COR, USA) |
| Barometric pressure | 28,1.5 m | Barometer (PTB-210 at 28m and PTB101 at 1.5m, VAISALA, Finland) |
Other
| Soil respiration | continuous |
| Photosynthesis | Occasionally |
| Ecological investigation | Tree heights, stand density, diameter, |
Other Information
| The forest around the tower received severe damage by the typhoon in September, 2003. Afterwards, the overturned trees have been left in the state of the nature. The observation was restarted in June, 2004. |
Observation Period and Data Availability
| Measurement Period | August 1999 to September 2003 and June 2004 to present |
|---|---|
| Measurement Frequency | Continuous |
| Data Availability | N/A |
Contact
Katsumi Yamanoi (yamanoi [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp)
Yasuko Mizoguchi (pop128 [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp)
Hokkaido research center Forestry and Forest Products Researh Institute
7 Hitsujigaoka,Toyohira, Sapporo,Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan
Tel: +81-11-590-5528 Fax: +81-11-851-4167
Kenzo Kitamura (kitamu93 [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp)
Yuichiro Nakai (nakaiyui [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp)
Department of meteorological Environment Forestry and Forest Products Researh Institute
1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
Tel:+81-298-873-3211 Fax:+81-298-874-3720
Infrastructure
Tower, Electrical power (100V AC 50Hz)
Research Fund
Research grant #199903 (1999-2002) of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
RR2002 (2002-2006) of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Research Fund (Evaluation, Adaptation and Mitigation of Global Warming in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries：Research and Development) by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research #193800950017 of JSPS
Global Environment Research Account for National Institutes of Ministry of the Environment Other Information
Calibration Information
Closed-path CO2 analyzers were calibrated against CO2 standard gasses once a day.
Publication
Nakai Y., Kitamura K., Suzuki S. and Abe S. (2003) Year-long carbon dioxde exchange above a broadleaf deciduous forest in Sapporo, Northern Japan. Tellus, 55B, 305-312.
Watanabe T., Nakai Y., Kitamura K., Utsugi H., Tobita Hiroyuki., Ishizuka S. (2005) Scaling energy and CO2 fluxes from leaf to canopy using a Multilayered Implementation for Natural canopy-environment relations (MINCER). Phyton, 45, 353-360.
Utsugi H., Tobita H, Maruyama Y. and Ishizuka M. (2005) Spatial and Seasonal Variations in Leaf Mass per Area and Their Relationship to Leaf Nitrogen in a Secondary Northern Hardwood Forest in Japan. Phyton, 45, 245-251.
Ishizuka S, Sakata T, Sawata S, et al. (2006) High potential for increase in CO2 flux from forest soil surface due to global warming in cooler areas of Japan. Annals of Forest Science, 63 (5), 537-546.
Suzuki, S., Ishizuka, S., Kitamura, K., Yamanoi, K., Nakai, Y. (2006) Continuous estimation of winter carbon dioxide efflux from the snow surface in a deciduous broadleaf forest. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(D17), D17101.