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MSE: Mase paddy flux site

MSE site photos

General site details

Site nameMase paddy flux site
AsiaFlux site code MSE
LocationTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Position36º 03' 14.3" N, 140º 01' 36.9" E (GARMIN)
Elevation 13 m above sea level
SlopeN/A
Terrain typeAlmost flat
AreaAbout 200 ha (2 km by 1 km along Kokai river)
Fetch700 m (Easterly wind) - 1000 m (southerly wind) (Easterly wind prevails in most of the growing period except in mid-summer when the southerly wind prevails.)
ClimateWarm and humid climate
Mean annual air temperature 13.7 ºC
Mean annual precipitation1200 mm
Vegetation typepaddy field
Dominant Species (Overstory) rice (Oryza sativa L.; cultivar Koshihikari)
Dominant Species (Understory)N/A
Canopy height1.2 m (maximum)
Age N/A
LAIAbout 5.0 m2 m-2 (maximum)
Soil typegrayed lowland paddy soil (Cultivated Soil Classification Committee, 1995)

Observation

Eddy Covariance method (CO2)

SystemOpen-path method (August 1999 - present) Closed-path method (2004 - present)
Wind speedSonic anemometer-thermometer, DA600-62AX (KAIJO)
Air temperatureSonic anemometer (DA-600, Kaijo)
Water vaporE009B (Advanet, Okayama, Japan (August 1999 - November 2001) LI7500 (LI-COR) (December 2001 - present) LI7000 (LI-COR) (2004 - present)
CO2E009B (Advanet, Okayama, Japan (August 1999 - November 2001) LI7500 (LI-COR) (December 2001 - present) LI7000 (LI-COR) (2004 - present)
Measurement height-
Sampling frequency10 Hz
Averaging time30 min
Data loggerDRM3 (TEAC, Tokyo, Japan) (August 1999 - April 2008) CR3000 (Campbell) (May 2008 - present)
Data storageMagneto-optical disc (August 1999 - April 2008) Compact flash memory card (May 2008 - present)
Original dataRaw data

Meteorology

Observation items Levels/Depth Instrument
Global solar radiation(incoming) 2.5 m 4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
Global solar radiation (outgoing) 2.35 m 4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
Long-wave radiation(incoming) 2.35 m 4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
Long-wave radiation(outgoing) 2.35 m 4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
Net radiation 2.35 m 4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
PPFD (incoming) 2.35 m 4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
PPFD (outgoing) 2.35 m 4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
Direct / diffuse radiation -
Direct / diffuse PPFD - Quantum sensor, LI190SL (LI-COR) equipped with a shadow blade (Eko) (2005-2006). Quantum sensor, LI190SL (LI-COR) equipped with a rotating shadow blade PRB-100 (Prede, Tokyo, Japan) (July 2009 - present).
Air temperature 3.85 m Platinum resistance thermometer (100 ohm) equipped with a home-made ventilator (August 1999 - 15 November 2000). Platinum resistance thermometer, HMP45A (Vaisala, Helsinki, Finland) equipped with a home-made ventilator (16 November 2000 - present).
Humidity 3.85 m Wet-bulb temperature was measured with a platinum resistance thermometer (100 ohm) equipped with a home-made ventilator (August 1999 - 15 November 2000). Relative humidity was measured with a capacitive moisture sensor, HMP45A (Vaisala) equipped with a home-made ventilator (16 November 2000 - present).
Soil temperature -1, -5, -10, -20, -40 cm T-type thermocouple, hand-made
Soil heat flux 1 cm below the soil surface Thermopile-type heat flux plate, MF-81 (Eko) (August 1999 - April 2008). Thermopile-type heat flux plate, MF-180M (Eko) (May 2008 - present).
Soil water content 0-15 cm below the ground (April 2000 - April 2002). 0-2.5 cm, 0-5 cm, 0-10 cm, 0-20 cm and 0-30cm below the ground (May 2002 - present). Soil moisture probe, CS-615 (Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT, USA) (April 2000 - April 2002).Time-domain reflectometory, TDR-100 (Campbell) (May 2002-present)
Wind speed 3.75, 2.55, 1.95,1.35, 0.75 m The measurement heights were changed with rice growth. Cup anemometer, AF-750 (Makino, Tokyo, Japan) (August 1999 - April 2011).
Wind direction 4.4 m Wind vane, VF016 (Makino) (August 1999 - April 2011)
Barometric pressure 1.5 m Capacitive pressure transducer, PTA427 (Vaisala)(August 1999 - March 2008). Capacitive pressure transducer, PTB210 (Vaisala)(April 2008 - present).
Precipitation - Bucket-type rain gauge (TE525MM, Texas Electronics)
CO2 concentration 3.85 m and 1.25 m (August 1999- September 2003. The measurement heights were changed with rice growth.) 3.8 m and several lower heights (May 2004 - present). Non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer, ZFU (Fuji Electric, Tokyo, Japan) (August 1999 - September 2003). Non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer, LI-6262 (LI-COR) (May 2004 - present)
Water depth - Sonic-type displacement sensor, UD-310 (Keyence,Osaka, Japan)

Fluxes of non-CO2 gases

Gas CH4 (Gradient, half-hourly, 2004-2009)
Method Eddy covariance
Measurement height 3.35
Data logger CR1000 (Campbell Scientific)
Data storage Compact flash memory card
Observation period 2012 (Data available at FLUXNET-CH4)

Other

NH3 Gradient (weekly) 2007-2011
Soil respiration -
Photosynthesis -
Ecological investigation -

Observation Period and Data Availability

Measurement Periodfrom July 1999 to present
Measurement Frequency Continuous
Data Availability2001-2006 in AsiaFlux Database

Contact

Keisuke Ono (onok[at]affrc.go.jp)
Akira Miyata (amiyat[at]affrc.go.jp)
Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO (NIAES)
3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
TEL: + 81-29-838-8239
https://www.naro.go.jp/english/laboratory/niaes/divclimchanadapres
/impadaptgroup/index.html

Infrastructure

4.0m tower, Electrical power: AC

Research Fund

Global Warming Initiative Program (FY2002-2005; FY 2006- 2009; FY2010-2014) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan

Global Environment Research Coordination System (FY 2007-2011) by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Global Environmental Research Fund B-3 (FY2000-2002) and S-1 (FY2003-2006) by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Calibration Information

The open-path analyzers were calibrated in laboratory at least twice a year, before and after the rice growing season,with zero gas and standard CO2 gas from cylinders and a dew point generator, LI-610 (LI- COR). The closed-path gas analyzer was calibrated in situ once a day with zero gas and standard CO2 gas from cylinders.