LHC: The Lien-Hua-Chih Hydrometeorological Study Site
General site details
| Site name | The Lien-Hua-Chih Hydrometeorological Study Site |
|---|---|
| AsiaFlux site code | LHC |
| Location | Nantou, Taiwan |
| Position | 120º 53' 38.94'' E 23º 55' 51.48''N |
| Elevation | 773 m above sea level |
| Slope | 30 - 40 deg |
| Terrain type | Gently rolling hill |
| Area | 8.39 ha |
| Fetch | 100-200m |
| Climate | Mild with dry winter, hot summer (Cwa) |
| Mean annual air temperature | 19.2 in Celsius (data from 1971 to 2000) |
| Mean annual precipitation | 2404.6 mm (data from 1971 to 2000 |
| Vegetation type | Evergreen & Hardwood |
| Dominant Species (Overstory) | Engelard Roxlourghiana (黄杞), Tutcheria Shinkoensis (烏皮茶), and Cryptocarya Chinensis (厚殼桂) |
| Dominant Species (Understory) | Pteridaceae(鳳尾蕨科): Pteris dispar Kunze (天草鳳尾蕨) Fabaceae(蝶形花科): Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. (血藤) |
| Canopy height | About 15 meter in average |
| Age | 70 - 100+ years old |
| LAI | 2.4 to 4.5 (Overstory Growing Season) |
| Soil type | Loam |
Observation
Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
| System | Open path Eddy Covariance (sensible heat, latent heat and CO2 fluxes ) |
|---|---|
| Wind speed | Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (CSAT3A, Campbell, USA) |
| Air temperature | Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (CSAT3A, Campbell, USA) |
| Water vapor | Open path Eddy Covariance (sensible heat, latent heat and CO2 fluxes ) |
| CO2 | Open path Gas Analyzer (EC-150, Campbell) |
| Measurement height | 25 m |
| Sampling frequency | 10 Hz |
| Averaging time | 60 min |
| Data logger | CR1000 (Campbell, USA) |
| Data storage | CF CARD |
| Original data | Raw data / Available |
Meteorology
| Observation items | Levels/Depth | Instrument |
|---|---|---|
| Global solar radiation (incoming) | 23 m | solar radiation sensor (Campbell NR01) |
| Global solar radiation (outgoing) | 23 m | solar radiation sensor (Campbell NR01) |
| Long-wave radiation (incoming) | 23 m | Infrared radiation sensor (Campbell NR01) |
| Long-wave radiation (outgoing) | 23 m | Infrared radiation sensor (Campbell NR01) |
| Net radiation | 23 m | Radiometer (Campbell Scientific Inc, REBS Q*7.1) |
| PPFD (incoming) | - | |
| PPFD (outgoing) | - | |
| Direct / diffuse radiation | - | |
| Direct / diffuse PPFD | - | |
| Air temperature | 0, 5, 10,15, 20 m | Platinum resistant thermometer and capacitive hygrometer (HMP45C, Vaisala) |
| Humidity | 0, 5, 10,15, 20 m | Platinum resistant thermometer and capacitive hygrometer (HMP45C, Vaisala) |
| Soil temperature | 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.5 m (under ground) | Thermal couple (copper constant) thermometer |
| Soil heat flux | 0.05 m | Heat flux plate |
| Soil water content | 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 m (three points) | Capacitance Probe (EnviroSMARTTM, v1.2) |
| Wind speed | 20 m | Wind Monitor (R.M. Young 05103 ) |
| Wind direction | 20 m | Wind Monitor (R.M. Young 05103 ) |
| Barometric pressure | 23 m | Barometric Pressure Sensor (Campbell, 092) |
| Precipitation | 20 m, Ground (six points) | Rain Gauge (Campbell Scientific Inc, TE525MM) |
| CO2 concentration | 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 m | Close path (LI-COR, LI-820) |
Other
| Lysimeter | Decagon Devices Inc, Gee Passive Capillary (-0.5 m) |
| Through fall | Rain Gauge (six points ) |
| Sapflow | Thermal dissipation (eight) |
| Soil respiration | Home made chamber |
Observation Period and Data Availability
| Measurement Period | From August 2006 to present |
|---|---|
| Measurement Frequency | Continuous |
| Data Availability | 2008 - 2016 in AsiaFlux Database |
Contact
Ming-Hsu Li (mli [at] cc.ncu.edu.tw) Graduate Institute of Hydrological and Oceanic Sciences, National Central University, Taiwan No.300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan (R.O.C.) Tel: +886-3-4227151 ext.65691 Fax: +886-3-4222894 URL: http://hydro.ihs.ncu.edu.tw/index.html Yi-Ying Chen (yiyingchen [at] gate.sinica.edu.tw) Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taiwan No.128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan Tel: +886-2-2787-1900 Fax: +886-2-2787-1924
Infrastructure
Tower, Electrical power (DC solar energy), Facilities for communication (GPRS modem ), Accommodation (up to 30 persons )
Research Fund
National Science Council (NSC96-2116-M-008-004; NSC99-2116-M- 008-021; NSC100-2116-M-008-003; MOST104-2116-M-008-018)
Publication
Chen, Y.Y.*, Li, M.H., 2016. Quantifying Rainfall Interception Loss of a Subtropical Broadleaved Forest in Central Taiwan, Water, 8(1)148, doi:10.3390/w8010014. Chen, Y.Y., Li, M.H.*, 2012. Determining Adequate Averaging Periods and Reference Coordinates for Eddy Covariance Measurements of Surface Heat and Water Vapor Fluxes over Mountainous Terrain, Terrstrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Vol.24 No.1, i, doi: 10.3319/TAO.2012.05.02.01(Hy). link Chen, Y.Y., Chu, C.R., Li, M.H.*, 2012. A Semiparametric Multivariate Gapfilling Model for Eddy Covariance Fluxes: Estimating Evapotranspiration of a Subtropical Seasonal Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest as An Example, Journal of Hydrology, Vol.468-469, pp.101-110, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.026. link