KZW: Karuizawa
General site details
| Site name | Karuizawa |
|---|---|
| AsiaFlux site code | KZW |
| Location | Karuizawa, Nagano, Japan |
| Position | 36º 24' N, 138º 35' E (World Geodetic System 1984, GPS: EMPEX FG- 530 and MAP) |
| Elevation | 1380 m above sea level (World Geodetic System 1984, GPS: EMPEX FG- 530 and MAP) |
| Slope | 3 degree |
| Terrain type | flat |
| Area | 150 ha |
| Fetch | 500-1000 m |
| Climate | Cool temperate [Dfb] |
| Mean annual air temperature | 6.6degC (2002-2005) |
| Mean annual precipitation | 1198mm (1971 - 2000, Karuizawa weather station) |
| Vegetation type | Mixed deciduous forest |
| Dominant Species (Overstory) | Japanese mountain birch (Betula ermanii Cham.) |
| Dominant Species (Understory) | without Bamboo grass |
| Canopy height | 16 - 18 m |
| Age | 60 years in 2010 |
| LAI | Max. 5.7 (estimated from litter collection) |
| Soil type | Volcanogenous regosol |
Observation
Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
| System | Open- and closed-path system (CO2 flux, latent heat flux) |
|---|---|
| Wind speed | Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (USA-1, Metek GnbH, Germany) |
| Air temperature | Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (USA-1, Metek GnbH, Germany), Platinum resistance thermometer (HMP45A, VAISALA, Finland) |
| Water vapor | Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA) |
| CO2 | Open- and Closed-path CO2/H2O analyzers (LI-7500 and LI-7000, LI-COR, USA) |
| Measurement height | 28 m |
| Sampling frequency | 10 Hz |
| Averaging time | 30 min |
| Data logger | DRM3_Mk2, TEAC, Japan |
| Data storage | MO |
| Original data | Raw data |
Meteorology
| Observation items | Levels/Depth | Instrument |
|---|---|---|
| Global solar radiation(incoming) | 28 m | Radiometer (MR-40, Eko, Japan,; CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands) |
| Global solar radiation (outgoing) | 28 m | Radiometer (MR-40, Eko, Japan,; CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands) |
| Long-wave radiation(incoming) | 28 m | Radiometer (MR-40, Eko, Japan,;CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands) |
| Long-wave radiation(outgoing) | 28 m | Radiometer (MR-40, Eko, Japan,;CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands) |
| Net radiation | 28 m | Radiometer (MR-40, Eko, Japan,;CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands) |
| PPFD (incoming) | 28, 2 m | Quantum sensor (PAR-01L, Prede, Japan) |
| PPFD (outgoing) | 28 m | Quantum sensor (PAR-01L, Prede, Japan) |
| Direct / diffuse radiation | - | |
| Direct / diffuse PPFD | - | |
| Air temperature | 28, 21, 13.6, 8.5, 3 m | Platinum resistance thermometers and capacitive hygrometers (HMP45A, Vaisala, Finland) |
| Humidity | 28, 21, 13.6, 8.5, 3 m | Platinum resistance thermometers and capacitive hygrometers (HMP45A, Vaisala, Finland) |
| Soil temperature | -0.02, -0.05, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.2 m | Platinum resistance thermometer |
| Soil heat flux | - | |
| Soil water content | -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 m | TDR sensor (CS615, Campbell) |
| Wind speed | 28, 24, 21, 17, 13.6, 8.5, 3 m | Sonic anemometer (MA-130, Eko, Japan, Windsonic, Gill, UK) |
| Wind direction | 28, 24, 21, 17, 13.6, 8.5, 3 m | Sonic anemometer (MA-130, Eko, Japan, Windsonic, Gill, UK) |
| Barometric pressure | 3 m | Barometer (PTB100, Vaisala, Finland) |
| Precipitation | 15 m | Tipping-bucket rainguage (Davis, USA) |
| CO2 concentration | 28, 21, 13.6, 8.3, 3 m | CO2/H2O analyzer (LI-7000 LI-COR, USA) |
| Rain drop size distribution | 15 m | Laser Precipitation monitor (Thies, FRG) |
Other
| Soil respiration | Occasionally |
| Photosynthesis | Occasionally |
| Ecological investigation | Tree heights, stand density, diameter, LAI (estimated from litter fall) |
| O3 and SO2 profile | 2004 - 2005 |
| Stable isotope of C in air layer, Organic carbon contents of soil and soil water | Occasionally |
Observation Period and Data Availability
| Measurement Period | from 2002 to October 2011 |
|---|---|
| Measurement Frequency | Continuous |
| Data Availability | N/A |
Contact
Ko Nakaya (cow [at] criepi.denken.or.jp) Environmental Science Research LaboratoryCentral Research Institute of Electric Power Industry 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan Tel:+81-4-7182-1181 Fax:+81-4-7183-5061
Infrastructure
Tower, Electrical power (100V AC 60Hz)
Research Fund
Personal research fund of Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Calibration Information
The gain of CO2 of the closed-path analyzers were checked once a hour by standard CO2 gas of 400 ppmv and N2 gas that were automatically controlled. Open-path analyzers were calibrated approximately once a year with standard CO2 gases and a dew point generator (LI610, LI-COR).
Publication
Nakaya K., Toyoda Y. (2009) Effect of leaf area changes on aerodynamic roughness over the forest canopy., CRIEPI report, V08033. [in Japanese] Nakaya, K. (2008) Study of improvement on elvaluation method of energy and mass exchange between atmosphere and forest ecosystem. Memoirs of the Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University 29(2). 149-213. [in Japanese] Nakaya K., Suzuki C., Kobayashi T., Ikeda H., Yasuike S. (2007) Spatial averaging effect on local flux measurement using a displaced-beam small aperture scintillometer above the forest canopy., Agric. For. Meteorol., 145(1-2): 97-109. Nakaya, Ko, Suzuki, C., Kobayashi, T., Ikeda, H., Yasuike, S. (2006) Application of a displaced-beam small aperture scintillometer to a deciduous forest under unstable atmospheric conditions, Agric. For. Meteor., 136: 45-55. Ikeda, H., Kobayashi, T., NAKAYA, K., Suzuki, C., Yasuike, S.(2003) Migration and Fixation of Organic Carbon in Vegetation - Forest soil System.,Goldschmidt Conference (Kurashiki, Japan). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67(18) A167 Ikeda, H., T. Kobayashi ,K. Nakaya, M. Nashimoto, C. Suzuki , S. Yasuike (2002) Migration and Storage of Carbon in Vegetation - Forest Soil System in Japanese Mountainous Area. Proceeding of BIOGEOMON 2002, 103