KST: Kushiro Mire Akanuma Tower
General site details
| Site name | Kushiro Mire Akanuma Tower |
|---|---|
| AsiaFlux site code | KST |
| Location | Akanuma bog, Kushiro Mire, Hokkaido |
| Position | 43º07’ N, 144º 22' E |
| Elevation | 6 m |
| Slope | N/A |
| Terrain type | Natural wetland |
| Area | over 2,000,000 m2 |
| Fetch | 400 m on the south side and 100 m on the north side. |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Mean annual air temperature | 5.5 ºC |
| Mean annual precipitation | 1119.6 mm |
| Vegetation type | Bog |
| Dominant Species (Overstory) | Hummock-growing sedges (Carex) and patchy sparse reed (Phragmites) canopies |
| Dominant Species (Understory) | Mosses (Sphagnum) |
| Canopy height | Variable with space and time |
| Age | N/A |
| LAI | Variable with time with the seasonal maximum of 2.5 for sedge canopy and 1.8 for reed canopy. Spatial variability is also large. |
| Soil type | Peat |
Observation
Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
| System | Open-path system (CO2 flux, latent heat flux) |
|---|---|
| Wind speed | Sonic anemometer (DA-600-3TV, Kaijo) |
| Air temperature | Sonic anemometer (DA-600-3TV, Kaijo) |
| Water vapor | OP-2 (Data Design Group, San Diego, USA) |
| CO2 | OP-2 (Data Design Group, San Diego, USA) |
| Measurement height | 2.95 m |
| Sampling frequency | 10 Hz |
| Averaging time | 30 min |
| Data logger | PC (Libretto70, Toshiba) equipped with A/D convertor (NR-110, Keyence) |
| Data storage | HDD |
| Original data | Raw data |
Meteorology
| Observation items | Levels/Depth | Instrument |
|---|---|---|
| Global solar radiation(incoming) | 2.0 m | Four-component net radiometer,CNR1 ( Kipp & Zonen ) |
| Global solar radiation (outgoing | 2.0 m | Four-component net radiometer,CNR1 ( Kipp & Zonen ) |
| Net radiation | 2.1 m | Quantum sensor (LI-190, LI-COR, USA) |
| PPFD (incoming) | 2.1 m | Quantum sensor (LI-190, LI-COR, USA) |
| PPFD (outgoing) | 2.1 m | Quantum sensor (LI-190, LI-COR, USA) |
| Direct / diffuse radiation | - | |
| Direct / diffuse PPFD | - | |
| Air temperature | 1.0,3.1 m | Temperature-humidity sensor, HMP45 (Vaisala ) |
| Humidity | 1.0,3.1 m | Temperature-humidity sensor, HMP45 (Vaisala ) |
| Soil temperature | 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 cm | Platinum resistance thermometer (100 ohm) |
| Soil heat flux | - | Heat flux plate (MF-81, Eko) |
| Soil water content | - | |
| Wind speed | 0.9, 1.3, 1.8, 2.4, 3.8 m | Cup anemometer (AF750, Makino) |
| Wind direction | 3.45 m | Wind vane (VF016, Makino) |
| Barometric pressure | - | Silicon-capacitive pressure probe (PTA427, Vaisala) |
| Precipitation | - | Bucket-type rain gauge (TE525MM, Texas Electronics) |
| CO2concentration | - | |
| H2O concentration | - |
Other
| Soil respiration | - |
| Photosynthesis | - |
| Ecological investigation | - |
Observation Period and Data Availability
| Measurement Period | from July 1998 to November 2002 |
|---|---|
| Measurement Frequency | Continuous |
| Data Availability | N/A |
Contact
Akira Miyata (amiyat [at] niaes.affrc.go.jp)Agro-Meteorology Division,National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES) 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan TEL: + 81-29-838-8207 FAX: + 81-29-838-8211 http://ecomdb.niaes5.affrc.go.jp/
Research Fund
Research and Development Bureau, Science and Technology Agency Global Environment Research Fund, MOE
Publication
Miyata et al., 2001. Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes at Kushiro Mire. Proceedings of International Workshop for Advanced Flux Network and Flux Evaluation, 27-20 September 2000, Sapporo, Japan (CGER-M- 011-2001), pp.29-32.