KEW

KEW: Kiryu Experiment Watershed

General site details

Site name	Kiryu Experiment Watershed
AsiaFlux site code	KEW
Location	Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan
Position	34º 57' 49" N, 135º 59' 40" E
Elevation	250 m above sea level
Slope	9.2 degree
Terrain type	Hillslope mountain
Area	5.99ha (area of the Experimental Watershed)
Fetch	N/A
Climate	warm temperate, Cfa
Mean annual air temperature	13.6 deg (1997 - 2004)
Mean annual precipitation	1645.0 mm (1972-2004)
Vegetation type	Evergreen coniferous forest
Dominant Species (Overstory)	Japanese Cypress :Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. Et Zucc.)
Dominant Species (Understory)	Eurya japonica Thunb
Canopy height	18 m
Age	Planted in 1959
LAI	4.5 to 5.5
Soil type	weathered granite with abundant amounts of albite

Observation

Eddy Covariance method (CO₂)

System	Closed-path system (2001.1.1 - 2003.12.31) Open-path system (2002.4.30 - present)
Wind speed	Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600-3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan)
Air temperature	Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600-3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan) Platinum resistance thermometer (HMP45A, VAISALA, Finland)
Water vapor	Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA), Closed-path (LI-6262 or LI-7000, LI-COR, USA)
CO₂	Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA), Closed-path (LI-6262 or LI-7000, LI-COR, USA)
Measurement height	28.5 m
Sampling frequency	10 Hz (8 Hz from 2002.2.6-2002.4.11)
Averaging time	30 min
Data logger	NR1000 (-2002.2.6, Keyence Co., Japan) CR10X (2002.2.6 - 2002.4.11, Campbell, USA) CR23X (2002.4.11-present, Campbell, USA)
Data storage	PC
Original data	Raw data

Meteorology

Observation items	Levels/Depth	Instrument
Global solar radiation(incoming)	28 m 11 m 1 m	CM-14 (Kipp&Zonen),MR-40 (Eiko,Japan) MR-40 (Eiko, Japan) MR-401 (Eiko, Japan)
Global solar radiation (outgoing)	28 m 11 m	CM-14 (Kipp&Zonen) MR-40 (Eiko,Japan) MR-40 (Eiko, Japan)
Long-wave radiation(incoming)	28 m 11 m	PIR (Epply) or MR-40 (Eiko, Japan) MR-40 (Eiko, Japan)
Long-wave radiation(outgoing)	28 m 11 m	PIR (Epply) or MR-40 (Eiko, Japan) MR-40 (Eiko, Japan)
Net radiation	-
PPFD (incoming)	28,16,14,10,1 m	LI190 (LI-COR, USA), PAR01(Prede, Japan)
PPFD (outgoing)	28 m	LI190 (LI-COR, USA)
Direct / diffuse radiation	-
Direct / diffuse PPFD	-
Air temperature	29, 20, 14, 10, 4, 1 m	Platinum resistance thermometer (HMP35, HMP45, VAISALA, Finland)
Humidity	29, 20, 14, 10, 4, 1 m	Capacitive hygrometer (HMP35, HMP45, VAISALA, Finland)
Soil temperature	0.02, 0.1 m 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1 m	Thermistor (107, Campbell, USA) Thermistor (RT-11, RT-12, Espec Mic, Japan)
Soil heat flux	0.01 m	PRF-01 (prede, Japan）
Soil water content	0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1 m	Tensiometer (DIK3150, Daiki Rika, Japan)
Wind speed	31, 29, 26, 22, 20, 18, 16.5, 14, 4 m	3-cups anemometer (Makino, Japan), anemometer with wind vane ( Campbell, USA), sonic anemometer thermometer ( DA600, KAIJO, Japan)
Wind direction	29 m	anemometer with wind vane (Campbell, USA)
Barometric pressure	29 m	PTB210 (Vaisala, Finland)
Precipitation	1 m	Tipping bucket rain gauge (RT-5, Ikeda Keiki, japan)
CO2 concentration	20, 14, 4, 1, 0.3 m	Automated closed dynamic chamber system (HT-CL-PT311, Hydrotech, Japan) with a closed- path CO2/H2O analyzer (LI-7000 or LI-6262, LI-COR, USA)

Other

Soil respiration	Continuously with automated closed dynamic chamber system Occasionally with manual closed dynamic chamber system
Photosynthesis	Occasionally with LI-6400 (Li-cor)
Ecological investigation	DBH, Tree height
CH4	- REA, automated chamber (half-hourly) 2009- - manual chamber (every two weeks) 2011- - Eddy covariance (half hourly) 2012-

Observation Period and Data Availability

Measurement Period	Established in 1967, hydrological record from 1972, occasional eddy flux measurement from 1990. Continuous flux dataset from 2001 to present
Measurement Frequency	Continuous
Data Availability	N/A

Contact

Yoshiko Kosugi (ykosugi [at] kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp) Shinjiro Ohkubo (shinjiro [at] kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp) Forest hydrology Graduate school agriculture, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Tel:+81-75-753-6086 Fax:+81-75-753-6149

Satoru Takanashi (tnsatoru [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp) Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan Tel:+81-29-829-8242 Fax:+81-29-874-3720

Infrastructure

Tower, Electrical power (100V AC 60Hz)

Research Fund

Global Environment Research Fund B-3 (FY2000-2002) by Ministry of Environment, Japan Global Environment Research Fund S-1 (FY2002-2006) by Ministry of Environment, Japan Grants for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.