CLM: Chi-Lan Mountain Research Site
General site details
| Site name | Chi-Lan Mountain Research Site |
|---|---|
| AsiaFlux site code | CLM |
| Location | Chi-Lan forest district, I-Lan county, Taiwan |
| Position | 24° 35'N, 121° 24'E |
| Elevation | 1400-1800m |
| Slope | about 15° |
| Terrain type | Steep mountain slope |
| Area | 374 ha uniform forest stand |
| Fetch | 20 - 90 m (Unstable daytime, 90% source area, south-eastern direction) 90 - 700 m (Near neutral nighttime, 90% source area, northern direction) |
| Climate | Cfb, Subtropical (or warm temperate), fully humid, warm summer |
| Mean annual air temperature | 13 deg C |
| Mean annual precipitation | 4000 mm |
| Vegetation type | evergreen conifer forest plantation |
| Dominant Species (Overstory) | Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana,Chamaecyparis formosensis |
| Dominant Species (Understory) | Rhododendron formosanum |
| Canopy height | 11-14 m |
| Age | 50 years |
| LAI | 5.8-6.1 |
| Soil type | Lithic Leptosol |
Observation
Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
| System | Closed-path and Open-path |
|---|---|
| Wind speed | Sonic anemometer-thermometer (CSAT3, Campbell, USA) |
| Air temperature | Sonic anemometer-thermometer (CSAT3, Campbell, USA) |
| Water vapor | NDIR (LI-7500, LICOR, USA) |
| CO2 | NDIR (LI-7500, LICOR, USA) |
| Measurement height | 24 m |
| Sampling frequency | 10 Hz |
| Averaging time | 30 min |
| Data logger | CR5000 (Campbell, USA) |
| Data storage | Downloading data hourly with desktop computer and backup with compact Flash card in the data logger. |
| Original data | Raw data |
Meteorology
| Observation items | Levels/Depth | Instrument |
|---|---|---|
| Global solar radiation(incoming) | 22.5 m | CNR-1(Kipp & Zonen, Netherland) |
| Global solar radiation (outgoing) | 22.5 m | CNR-1(Kipp & Zonen, Netherland) |
| Long-wave radiation(incoming) | 22.5 m | CNR-1(Kipp & Zonen, Netherland) |
| Long-wave radiation(outgoing | 22.5 m | CNR-1(Kipp & Zonen, Netherland) |
| Net radiation | 22.5 m | CNR-1(Kipp & Zonen, Netherland) |
| PPFD (incoming) | 23.3 m | Quantum sensor (LI-191, LI-COR, USA ) |
| PPFD (outgoing) | 1.6 m | Quantum sensor (LI-COR LI-190SA) |
| Direct / diffuse radiation | - | |
| Direct / diffuse PPFD | 22.3 m | Delta-T BF3 |
| Air temperature | 12.2, 22.8m | R.M.Young 41382VC T/RH sensor in 43408 aspired radiation shield |
| Humidity | 12.2, 22.8m | R.M.Young 41382VC T/RH sensor in 43408 aspired radiation shield |
| Soil temperature | 10, 30cm (depth) | Thermister type, Mingguan hh (Taiwan) |
| Soil heat flux | 5 cm (depth) | Huseflux HFP01 |
| Soil water content | 10, 30cm (depth) | Delta T ML2x (UK) |
| Wind speed | 23.7 m | R.M. Young 05305 |
| Wind direction | 23.7 m | R.M. Young 05305 |
| Barometric pressure | 2m | R.M. Young 61202V |
| Precipitation | nearby clearance | Takeda TIC-1 |
| CO2 concentration | 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 13.2, 16.0, 24.0 m | LI-COR LI-840 gas analyzer |
| H2O concentration | 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 13.2, 16.0, 24.0 m | LI-COR LI-840 gas analyzer |
| Below canopy radiation | 5.2 m | CM3(Kipp & Zonen, Netherland) |
| Visibility | 22.3, 4.9 m | MIRA visibility sensor 3544 |
| Leaf wetness | 5.3, 8.3, 11.2, 14.2 m | Campbell Leaf wetness sensor 237 |
Other
| Soil respiration | LI-8100(Li-cor, USA) |
| Photosynthesis | LI-6400 (Li-cor) |
Other Information
| http://metacat.ndhu.edu.tw/clm |
Observation Period and Data Availability
| Measurement Period | From April 2005 to present |
|---|---|
| Measurement Frequency | Continuous |
| Data Availability | 2007-2009 in AsiaFlux Database |
Contact
Yue-Joe HSIA (yjhsia01 [at] hotmail.com) Lab of Forest Hydrology and Micrometeorology, College of Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shou-Feng, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC TEL : +886-3-863-3263 FAX : +886-3-863-3260
Jehn-Yih JUANG (jjuang [at] ntu.edu.tw) Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, TAIWAN Tel : +886-2-3366-5837
Shih-Chieh CHANG (scchang [at] mail.ndhu.edu.tw) Lab of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, College of Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shou-Feng, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC TEL : +886-3-863-3275 FAX : +886-3-863-3260
Infrastructure
AC Power
Research Fund
Funding by Environmental Protection Agency, Taiwan
Publication
Mildenberger, K., Beiderwieden, E., Hsia, Y. J. & Klemm, O. (2009) CO2 and water vapor fluxes above a subtropicalmountain cloud forest–The effect of light conditions and fog. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149, 1730-1736.
Hsieh, C. I., Lai, M. C., Hsia, Y. J. & Chang, T. J. (2008) Estimation of sensible heat, water vapor, and CO2 fluxes using flux-variance method. International Journal of Biometeorology, 52, 521-533.
Beiderwieden, E., Wolff, V., Hsia, Y. J. & klemm, O. (2008) It goes both ways: measurements of simultaneous evapotranspiration and fog droplet deposition at a montane cloud forest. Hydrological Processes, 22, 4181-4189.
Chang, S. C., Tseng, K. H., Hsia, Y. J., Wang, C. P. & Wu, J. T. (2008) Soil respiration in a subtropical montane cloud forest in Taiwan. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148, 788-798.