BKS

BKS: Bukit Soeharto

General site details

Site name	Bukit Soeharto
AsiaFlux site code	BKS
Location	Bukit Soeharto Education Forest of Mulawarman University, Bukit Soeharto, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Position	0º 51' 41" S, 117º 02' 41" E (WGS84)
Elevation	20 m above sea level (WGS84)
Slope	-
Terrain type	Approximately flat
Area	40 ha
Fetch	200 ~ 500 m (depending on wind direction)
Climate	Tropical - fully humid (Af)
Mean annual air temperature	27 degree C
Mean annual precipitation	3300 mm
Vegetation type	Tropical secondary forest
Dominant Species (Overstory)	Macaranga gigantea
Dominant Species (Understory)	-
Canopy height	9m (2001Jul), 10.6m (2002Nov), 12.4 (2004Feb)
Age	In 1998, second-growth forest disappeared by forest fire produced by ENSO. The forest has re-grown.
LAI	3.0 m2 m-2 (PAI)
Soil type	Typic Paleudults (US Soil Taxonomy)

Observation

Eddy Covariance method (CO₂)

System	Closed-path system
Wind speed	Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (Wind Master, Gill)
Air temperature	Closed-path CO2/H2O analyzers (LI-6262, LI-COR)
Water vapor	Closed-path CO2/H2O analyzers (LI-6262, LI-COR)
CO₂	about 15m, north side ( -2001.1.15)about 15m, south-east side(2001.15-2002.2.6)14.2m south-east side (2002.2.6- 2002.9.10)18.4m south-east side (2002.9.10-2004.12.31)
Measurement height	about 15m, north side ( -2001.1.15)about 15m, south-east side(2001.15-2002.2.6)14.2m south-east side (2002.2.6- 2002.9.10)18.4m south-east side (2002.9.10-2004.12.31)
Sampling frequency	10 Hz
Averaging time	30 min
Data logger	NR-1000, Keyence, Japan
Data storage	HDD (Laptop PC)
Original data	Raw data

Meteorology

Observation items	Levels/Depth	Instrument
Global solar radiation(incoming)	30m	Radiometer (CNR1, Kipp&Zonen)
Global solar radiation (outgoing)	30m	Radiometer (CNR1, Kipp&Zonen)
Long-wave radiation(outgoing)	30m	Radiometer (CNR1, Kipp&Zonen)
Net radiation	30m	Radiometer (CNR1, Kipp&Zonen)
PPFD (incoming)	30,1 m	Quantum sensor (ML-020V, Eko, Japan)
PPFD (outgoing)	30m	Quantum sensor (ML-020V, Eko, Japan)
Direct / diffuse radiation	30m	Pyranometer (ML-020V, Eko, Japan)
Air temperature	30, 10, 5 m	Platinum resistance thermometer and capacitive hygrometer (HMP45A, Vaisala)
Humidity	30, 10, 5 m	Platinum resistance thermometer and capacitive hygrometer (HMP45A, Vaisala)
Soil temperature	1, 5, 10, 20, 50 cm	Platinum resistance thermometer
Soil heat flux	2 cm (two points)	Soil heat flux plate (MF-81, Eko, Japan)
Soil water content	10cm, 50cm	Water content reflectometer (CS615, Campbell)
Wind speed	30cm	Combined wind vane and fan anemometer (Met One, Campbell)
Wind direction	30m	Combined wind vane and fan anemometer (Met One, Campbell)
Precipitation	-	Tipping-bucket rain gauge (TE525, Campbell)
CO2 concentration	30,10,5m	Closed-path infrared gas analyzer (LI-6262, LI-COR)
Radiation Temperature	-	Infrared thermometer (IT-340, Horiba, Japan)

Other

Soil respiration	hamber method(Licor-800), Frequency : Once a week
Ecological investigation	Frequency : Once a year

Observation Period and Data Availability

Measurement Period	from 8 December 1999 to December 2004
Measurement Frequency	Continuous
Data Availability	2001-2002 in AsiaFlux Database

Contact

Takahisa Maeda (takahisa.maeda [at] aist.go.jp) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan Tel : +81-29-861-8418 Fax : 81-29-861-8358

[Flux, Soil respiration] Warsudi, PPMT UNMUL, Indonesia [Ecological Investigation] Tsuyoshi Toma, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan

Infrastructure

Tower, Electrical power (Solar cell system)

Research Fund

Global Environment Research Fund S-1 (FY2003-2006) by Ministry of Environment, Japan