AKO: Akou green belt
General site details
| Site name | Akou green belt |
|---|---|
| AsiaFlux site code | AKO |
| Location | Akou, Hyogo, Japan |
| Position | 34º 44' 5.8" N, 134º 22' 27.5" E |
| Elevation | N/A |
| Slope | N/A |
| Terrain type | N/A |
| Area | N/A |
| Fetch | 120 to 140m |
| Climate | warm temperate, Cfa |
| Mean annual air temperature | 15.2 deg (1995 - 1999) |
| Mean annual precipitation | 1159mm (1995 - 1999) |
| Vegetation type | |
| Dominant Species (Overstory) | |
| Dominant Species (Understory) | |
| Canopy height | 8 m |
| Age | Planted in 1987 |
| LAI | 3.5 to 5.0 |
| Soil type | N/A |
| Vegetation type | Evergreen broad-leaved forest (12 temperate evergreen and 4 deciduous broad-leaved tree species) |
| Domestic species (Overstory) | Cinnamomum camphora, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus serrata, Castanopsis cuspidate, Ulmus parvifolia, Quercus glauca |
Observation
Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
| System | Closed-path system (2000.1.1 - 2002.12) Open-path system (2002.12-2003.12.31) |
|---|---|
| Wind speed | Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600-3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan) |
| Air temperature | Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600-3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan) |
| Water vapor | Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA), Closed-path (LI-6262 or LI-7000, LI-COR, USA) |
| CO2 | Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA), Closed-path (LI-6262 or LI-7000, LI-COR, USA) |
| Measurement height | 10.1 m |
| Sampling frequency | 8 Hz |
| Averaging time | 30 min |
| Data logger | CR10X (Campbell, USA) |
| Data storage | PC |
| Original data | Raw data |
Meteorology
| Observation items | Levels/Depth | Instrument |
|---|---|---|
| Global solar radiation(incoming) | 9.8 m | MR-40 (Eiko, Japan) |
| Global solar radiation (outgoing) | 9.8 m | MR-40 (Eiko, Japan) |
| Long-wave radiation(incoming) | 9.8 m | MR-40 (Eiko, Japan) |
| Long-wave radiation(outgoing) | 9.8 m | MR-40 (Eiko, Japan) |
| Net radiation | - | |
| PPFD (incoming) | 9.8 m | PAR01(Prede, Japan) |
| PPFD (outgoing) | 9.8, 1.0 m | PAR01(Prede, Japan) |
| Direct / diffuse radiation | - | |
| Direct / diffuse PPFD | - | |
| Air temperature | 9.8 m | Platinum resistance thermometer (HMP35C, VAISALA, Finland) |
| Humidity | 9.8 m | Capacitive hygrometer (HMP35, VAISALA, Finland) |
| Soil temperature | 0.02, 0.1 m | Thermistor (107, Campbell, USA) |
| Soil heat flux | 0.01 m | MF81 (EKO, Japan) |
| Soil water content |
0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 m |
Tensiometer (DIK3150, Daiki Rika, Japan) |
| Wind speed | 9.8 m | 3-cups anemometer (WM-30P, Ikeda, Japan) sonic anemometer thermometer (DA600, KAIJO, Japan) |
| Wind direction | 10.1 m | sonic anemometer thermometer (DA600, KAIJO, Japan) |
| Barometric pressure | - | |
| Precipitation | 9.8 m | Tipping bucket rain gauge (RT-5, Ikeda Keiki, Japan) |
| CO2 concentration | 10.1 m | CO2/H2O analyzer (LI-7000 or LI-6262, or LI-7500 LI-COR, USA) |
Other
| Soil respiration | Occasionally with manual closed dynamic chamber system |
| Photosynthesis | Occasionally with LI-6400 (Li-cor) |
| Ecological investigation | DBH, Tree height |
Observation Period and Data Availability
| Measurement Period | Occasional eddy flux measurement from 1993 to 1996 Continuous flux dataset from 2000 to 2003 |
|---|---|
| Measurement Frequency | Continuous |
| Data Availability | N/A |
Contact
Yoshiko Kosugi (ykosugi [at] kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp) Forest hydrology Graduate school agriculture, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Tel:+81-75-753-6086 Fax:+81-75-753-6149
Satoru Takanashi (tnsatoru [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp) Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan Tel:+81-29-829-8242 Fax:+81-29-874-3720
Infrastructure
Tower, Electrical power (100V AC 60Hz)
Publication
Kosugi, Y., Takanashi, S., Matsuo, N., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, H., 2006. Impact of leaf physiology on gas exchange in a Japanese evergreen broad-leaved forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 139, 182-199.
Kosugi, Y., Matsuo, N., 2006. Seasonal fluctuations and temperature dependence of leaf gas exchange parameters of co-occurring evergreen and deciduous trees in a temperate broad-leaved forest. Tree Physiology 26, 1173-1184.
Kosugi, Y., Tanaka, H., Takanashi, S., Matsuo, N., Ohte, N., Shibata, S., Tani, M., 2005. Three years of carbon and energy fluxes from Japanese evergreen broad-leaved forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 132, 329-343.
Matsuo, N., Kosugi, Y., Ohte, N., Koba, K., 2002. Analysis of water-use efficiency of temperate evergreen broad-leaved trees using carbon isotope discrimination. (in Japanese with English abstract). Journal of Japan Society of Hydrology & Water Resources 15, 229-242.
Tanaka, K., Kosugi, Y., Nakamura, A., 2002. Impact of leaf physiological characteristics on seasonal variation in CO2, latent and sensible heat exchanges over a tree plantation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 114, 103-122.
Tanaka, K., 2002. Multi-layer model of CO2 exchange in a plant community coupled with the water budget of leaf surfaces. Ecological Modelling 147, 85-104.